The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, formerly State Education Commission from 1985 to 1998, is headquartered in Beijing. It is the agency of the State Council which regulates all aspects of the educational system in mainland China. This includes compulsory basic education, vocational education and tertiary education.

The ministry certifies teachers, standardizes curriculum and textbooks, establishes standards and generally monitors the entire education system in an effort to "modernize China through education". It stresses technical education over more esoteric subjects.

After the restructure of the State Council in 1998, the State Education Commission became the Ministry of Education.