Jiangxi has the organizational system of province for more than 2200 years, which of the county is even earlier than that of the province and has already had a history of 10,000 years. The name of Jiangxi Province was dated from Tang Dynasty. Tang Xuanzong, the emperor set up the Jiang nan xi dao (the west administration in the south of the Yangtze River) in 733 AD. It simply names Gan for short because the Gan River , the biggest river in Jiangxi, runs through the province from south to north.

Jiangxi has long been known for its prosperous economy and culture. Since the ancient times, Jiangxi, the piece of promised land, has been enjoying the honor of "being abundant in substance and outstanding in producing talented figures". It is worthy of the names "The prosperous Land in the South of the Yangtze River" and "The Hometown of Great Scholars and Heroes". Of the eight great men of letters in the Tang and Song Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi and Zeng Gong were from Jiangxi. Other celebrities and scholars in the Chinese history including the national hero Wen Tianxiang, Neo-Confucians Zhu Xi and Lu Xiangshan in the Southern Song Dynasty, the famous imperial offical Xie Jin, scientist Song Yingxing in the Ming Dynasty, the famous dramatists Tang Xianzu and Jiang Shiquan in the Ming and Qing Dynasty, and the great painter Badashanren in the early Qing Dynasty were all from Jiangxi. The ancestral homes of the three generations' leaders of the New China: Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zeming, are in Jishui County's Badu Town, Ji'an and Wuyuan's Jiangwan Town of Jiangxi.